General spine anatomy and growth : the importance of adapting the saddle tree to morphological changes

The horse's spine consists of 54 vertebrae. It starts at the skull and extends to the tail, playing a major role in mobility and back stability. Understanding how it works allows for proper adjustment of the saddle tree to fit the horse's evolving back.

What is the composition of the horse’s spine ?

The spinal column is divided into several segments :

• Cervical vertebrae : 7 vertebrae located in the neck.

• Thoracic vertebrae : 18 vertebrae that form the back.

• Lumbar vertebrae : 6 vertebrae in the lumbar region.

• Sacral vertebrae : 5 fused vertebrae forming the sacrum.

• Caudal vertebrae : 18 vertebrae making up the tail.

  
  

This structure supports the rider's weight and enables the horse’s essential movements.

Why is spinal growth important ?

The spine continues to develop over the horse's first eight years of life. The six thoracic vertebrae that make up the withers, along with the atlas and axis (first cervical vertebrae), are the last to fully mature.

How does morphological evolution influence tree adjustment ?

From one season to another, a horse’s shape can change. Muscle mass and overall morphology evolve—sometimes significantly. This directly affects the saddle fit. An ill-fitting tree can cause discomfort and even injury. That’s why regular checks of the saddle tree are essential.

What are the criteria for a well-fitted saddle ?

Many factors must be considered for the horse’s comfort :

• Withers clearance : the saddle must provide sufficient space to avoid pressure on the withers.

• Spinal clearance : the gap between the saddle panels must leave room for the spine.

• Shoulder conformation : the saddle must not restrict scapular movement.

  
  

A precisely adjusted tree is crucial to meet these criteria.

What are the consequences of a poorly fitted saddle ?

Using an unsuitable saddle may cause :

• Back pain : Excessive pressure on certain back areas

• Locomotion issues : Altered natural movement

• Defensive behavior : Negative reactions during work

  
  

It’s essential to check saddle fit regularly to avoid these problems.

How to ensure proper saddle tree adjustment ?

To ensure optimal saddle tree adaptation :

• Regular evaluations : consult a professional to assess the saddle fit.

• Observe the horse : watch for signs of discomfort or pain.

• Continuous adjustment : adapt the tree to match the horse’s changing morphology.

  
  

These steps help maintain your horse’s comfort and performance.

What are the benefits of a well-fitted saddle ?

A properly adjusted saddle provides numerous benefits :

• Increased comfort : reduced pressure points.

• Improved performance : greater freedom of movement.

• Injury prevention : lower risk of back problems.

  
  

Investing in a well-fitted saddle is essential for your horse’s health.

It is the adjustment of the saddle tree to the horse’s morphological changes that makes all the difference. In-depth knowledge of spinal anatomy and continuous saddle fitting are key to the horse’s well-being and performance.

Key Takeaways :

• The horse’s spine consists of 54 vertebrae.

• Full spinal development takes up to 8 years.

• A properly fitted saddle prevents pain and enhances performance.

To deepen your understanding, check out this detailed article on how the horse’s back functions.